An off-grid solar system begins with the installation of solar panels, which are typically mounted on rooftops or ground structures. These panels capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is then routed to a charge controller. The charge controller plays a crucial role in regulating the flow of electricity to the battery bank. It prevents overcharging and ensures the batteries remain in good condition.
Off-grid systems include a battery bank where excess electricity is stored. This allows for power generation during periods when the sun is not shining, such as at night or on cloudy days. Batteries are the primary energy storage component of an off-grid system.
To make the stored electricity usable for typical household or business appliances, the DC electricity from the battery bank is passed through an inverter. The inverter converts the DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the standard form of electricity used in homes and businesses.
Off-grid solar systems are designed to meet the energy needs of the property they serve. The property's energy consumption must be carefully managed to ensure that it does not exceed the available power stored in the batteries.
In some cases, off-grid systems may include a backup generator, often powered by propane or diesel, to provide additional power during extended periods of low sunlight or heavy energy demand.
